Self-concept in Children with Intellectual Disabilities

Self-concept, or feelings about oneself, encompasses various areas including social and academic domains and has been suggested to be a predictor and mediator of other outcomes (Bryne, 1996). In this study, the relationships between achievement, intelligence scores, and self-concept in children with mild intellectual disabilities were examined. Self-concept and WISC verbal intelligence scores evidenced significant relationships. Additionally, relationships were demonstrated between gains in achievement and higher ratings of self-concept. These results suggest that relationships exist between intelligence, achievement, and self-concept in elementary school children with MID. Specifically, a positive relationship was demonstrated between achievement gains and self-concept. Associations between intelligence and self-concept also were demonstrated, where higher intelligence scores were related to both lower nonacademic self-concept and higher cognitive self-concept

Inventory Competition in Make-to-Stock Systems

We present models for competition among multiple suppliers for demand from a single manufacturer. The suppliers produce to stock a single product and are allocated demand by the manufacturer based on the amount the amount of inventory they hold. We prove the existence of a Nash equilibrium for a broad class of market allocation schemes. For the special case of identical suppliers under either a stock-proportional or fill rate-proportional allocation, we show the uniqueness of the Nash equilibrium. Analysis of the Nash equilibrium for this case reveals that (a) the manufacturer benefits from competition (in the form of higher fill rates), (b) the manufacturer benefits more from a stock-proportional allocation than a fill rate-proportional allocation, and (c) the manufacturer benefits the most when the number of suppliers is two

Outsourcing to Non-Identical Suppliers via Service Competition

In this paper, we consider a single buyer who wishes to outsource a fixed demand for a manufactured good or service at a fixed price to a set of N suppliers. We examine the value of competition as a mechanism for the buyer to elicit good service quality from her suppliers. In particular, we consider a scheme in which the buyer allocates a proportion of demand to each supplier, with the proportion a supplier receives increasing in the service level she offers. Suppliers compete for expected market share, which increases in the offered service level. The suppliers affect their service levels by exerting effort once they receive a positive portion of demand, with the cost of effort increasing in the service level offered and the demand allocated. Each supplier chooses a service level to maximize her own expected profit, subject to the behavior of other competing suppliers. In making this decision, the supplier effectively weighs the market share benefits of each service level against its associated cost. The possibility of inducing service quality through competition raises several important questions. For example, under what conditions does service competition lead to an equilibrium? How does the number and type of suppliers affect the buyer’s service quality and the suppliers’ expected profits? Is it more desirable for the buyer to contract with suppliers that are equally efficient or to have a mix of suppliers with varying capabilities? How should the buyer choose parameters for the competition to maximize the quality of service she receives? In particular, what is the impact of the allocation functions on the buyer’s quality of service and is it possible for the buyer to choose an allocation function that forces the suppliers to provide the maximum feasible service level? In this paper, we address these and other related questions

Preserving the Keres Language and Culture

This project involved preserving the Keres language and culture at the Cochiti Pueblo through the subversion of English media into Keres versions. Examples of the media were produced and tools were left behind to encourage further production. A hub for all of the Keres media was created to contain all of the created media for ease of access. Overall we hope that our project progresses over the years so that eventually there is an abundance of Keres media in the pueblo

Optimal Service-Based Competition with Heterogeneous Suppliers

We investigate how a competition can be designed to maximize expected profit for a buyer who wishes to allocate demand among a diverse set of suppliers when his profit is dependent on the supplier’s service levels. The candidate suppliers are heterogeneous in their capacities and cost structures, and compete for shares of the buyer’s demand based on their promised service levels. To characterize the optimal competition, we first identify a family of allocation functions that are service maximizing, meaning they can intensify the competition to a point where each supplier provides its maximum feasible service level and the outcome of the competition is a predefined set of demand shares. We show that using a service maximizing allocation function is a necessary condition for solving the buyer’s problem. We then characterize the optimal demand allocation set and, when they are endogenous, the optimal procurement prices. When both demand allocation and procurement prices can be chosen by the buyer, we find that the competition also maximizes supply chain profit. Through a set of numerical examples, we show that the benefit of using this optimal competition design, including its specified demand allocation function and suggested procurement prices, can be significant

Information Reliability in supply chains: The case of multiple retailers

En esta tesis doctoral abordamos el estudio relativo al intercambio de información sobre la demanda dentro de una cadena de suministro cuando las partes interactúan de una forma estratégica. Los distribuidores minoristas forman una agrupación y delegan la gestión del inventario (los pedidos y la asignación) a un planificador central benévolo (CP, por sus siglas en inglés). Cada uno de los minoristas debe enfrentarse a una demanda incierta y dispone de información privada sobre ella como consecuencia de su proximidad al mercado; nos centramos en determinar si entre los minoristas y el CP se produce un intercambio fiable de información sobre la demanda. En primer lugar estudiamos el impacto de diversos mecanismos de asignación sobre el comportamiento en materia de pedidos de los minoristas, cuando la cantidad de inventario total en el almacén central es fija. Los minoristas efectúan los pedidos después conocer de manera privada su demanda. Demostramos analíticamente que los minoristas comunicarán sus necesidades reales, es decir, sus demandas realizadas, de acuerdo a una norma de asignación uniforme pero no de acuerdo a otras normas comunes como, por ejemplo, la noma proporcional o lineal; posteriormente, estudiamos una configuración donde la cantidad de inventario agrupado no es fija, sino más bien una variable de decisión, determinada por el CP después de haber solicitado información de demanda prevista de los minoristas. Las asignación del inventario total, en este caso también, se efectúa después de conocerse las realizaciones de demanda final, pero las demandas finales son de conocimiento común. Entonces, los minoristas pueden influir su asignación solo a través de la cantidad de inventario total. Mediante modelos teóricos asociados a tácticas podemos ver que el reconocimiento de la verdad y la confianza no se encuentran en una situación de equilibrio. A continuación, en un entorno de laboratorio controlado que simula la configuración de la cadena de suministro objeto de consideración, estudiamos el impacto de a) la competencia por el inventario común y b) la incertidumbre del mercado sobre la distorsión de la información, la confianza y la eficacia de la cadena de suministro. Nuestros resultados sugieren que existe una confianza continua cuando los incentivos pecuniarios están alineados y cuando no lo están, lo que viene a desmentir los casos teóricos extremos de minoristas completamente dignos de confianza o que no son fiables en absoluto; incluso aunque la información no sea totalmente fiable, el valor de la comunicación es importante. En última instancia, estudiamos el impacto de la propiedad del inventario sobre las motivaciones de las partes implicadas de cara a compartir de manera honrada sus previsiones de demanda; los inventarios específicos tampoco inducen a decir la verdad. Comparamos los inventarios resultantes y los beneficios de acuerdo con la toma de decisiones a nivel local con información más precisa con respecto a la toma de decisiones centralizada, mediante la cual se logra la coordinación de los pedidos

Order Stability in Supply Chains: Coordination Risk and the Role of Coordination Stock

The bullwhip effect describes the tendency for the variance of orders in supply chains to increase as one moves upstream from consumer demand. We report on a set of laboratory experiments with a serial supply chain that tests behavioral causes of this phenomenon, in particular the possible influence of coordination risk. Coordination risk exists when individuals' decisions contribute to a collective outcome and the decision rules followed by each individual are not known with certainty, for example, where managers cannot be sure how their supply chain partners will behave. We conjecture that the existence of coordination risk may contribute to bullwhip behavior. We test this conjecture by controlling for environmental factors that lead to coordination risk and find these controls lead to a significant reduction in order oscillations and amplification. Next, we investigate a managerial intervention to reduce the bullwhip effect, inspired by our conjecture that coordination risk contributes to bullwhip behavior. Although the intervention, holding additional on-hand inventory, does not change the existence of coordination risk, it reduces order oscillation and amplification by providing a buffer against the endogenous risk of coordination failure. We conclude that the magnitude of the bullwhip can be mitigated, but that its behavioral causes appear robust.National Science Foundation (U.S.) (Grant SES-0214337)Mary Jean and Frank P. Smeal College of Business Administration (Center for Supply Chain Research)Sloan School of Management (Project on Innovation in Markets and Organizations

Eddy Heat Flux Across the Antarctic Circumpolar Current Estimated from Sea Surface Height Standard Deviation

Eddy heat flux (EHF) is a predominant mechanism for heat transport across the zonally unbounded mean flow of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC). Observations of dynamically relevant, divergent, 4 year mean EHF in Drake Passage from the cDrake project, as well as previous studies of atmospheric and oceanic storm tracks, motivates the use of sea surface height (SSH) standard deviation, H*, as a proxy for depth‐integrated, downgradient, time‐mean EHF ( ) in the ACC. Statistics from the Southern Ocean State Estimate corroborate this choice and validate throughout the ACC the spatial agreement between H* and seen locally in Drake Passage. Eight regions of elevated are identified from nearly 23.5 years of satellite altimetry data. Elevated cross‐front exchange usually does not span the full latitudinal width of the ACC in each region, implying a hand‐off of heat between ACC fronts and frontal zones as they encounter the different hot spots along their circumpolar path. Integrated along circumpolar streamlines, defined by mean SSH contours, there is a convergence of in the ACC: 1.06 PW enters from the north and 0.02 PW exits to the south. Temporal trends in low‐frequency [EHF] are calculated in a running‐mean sense using H* from overlapping 4 year subsets of SSH. Significant increases in downgradient [EHF] magnitude have occurred since 1993 at Kerguelen Plateau, Southeast Indian Ridge, and the Brazil‐Malvinas Confluence, whereas the other five hot spots have insignificant trends of varying sign

cDrake CPIES Data Report November 2007 to December 2011

The goal of cDrake is to quantify the transport and understand the dynamic balances of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) in Drake Passage. For this purpose, a transport line spanning all of Drake Passage and a local dynamics array of CPIES were deployed for a period of four years. A CPIES comprises an inverted echo sounder equipped with a bottom pressure gauge and a current meter tethered 50 m above the bottom. In addition to the CPIESs, three current meter moorings were deployed along the continental margins for the initial two years of the field program. Subsequently, a current meter comparison mooring was deployed in a region of strong bottom currents for a period of one year. Conductivity-temperature-depth and lowered acoustic Doppler current profiler measurements were taken at each CPIES site. Shipboard acoustic Doppler current profiler measured the velocity structure along the cruise track. In this report, the CPIES data collected during the field experiment are presented. The collection, processing and calibration of the CPIES are described

Cascadia Pilot Experiment Data Report

This report documents the processing of data collected from an line of inverted echo sounders equipped with bottom pressure gauges and current meters (CPIES) deployed offshore of Oregon in the Cascadia subduction zone region from April to November 2017. The line consisted of four URI-model CPIES across the continental slope, spanning water depths from 2900 m to 1300 m. From offshore to onshore, the sites were designated O1, O1.5, O2 and O3. The instrument spacing telescoped toward the coast from 3.5 km to 7 km to 9 km. CTDs were taken at each site on the deployment and recovery cruises. Additionally, two Sonardyne-model PIES (lacking the integrated current meter) were colocated at the deepest and shallowest sites (O1 and O3) for comparison tests. An Aanderaa Seaguard current meter was moored in August 2017 at site O2 because the status of CPIES current meter at that location was uncertain